Contributors
Span102

Span102

Message

Page 1 of 2 - image sightings only

136 0 136
Cyclochila australasiae (Greengrocer, Yellow Monday, Masked devil) at Mittagong, NSW - 1 Dec 2024 by Span102

Cyclochila australasiae

Anoplognathus brunnipennis (Green-tailed Christmas beetle) at Mittagong, NSW - 1 Dec 2024 by Span102

Anoplognathus brunnipennis

Belenois java at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Nov 2024 by Span102

Belenois java

Anoplognathus brunnipennis (Green-tailed Christmas beetle) at Mittagong, NSW - 26 Nov 2024 by Span102

Anoplognathus brunnipennis

Helichrysum leucopsideum at Mittagong, NSW - 25 Nov 2024 by Span102

Helichrysum leucopsideum

Dipodium roseum at Mittagong, NSW - 24 Nov 2024 by Span102

Dipodium roseum

Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia at Mittagong, NSW - 22 Nov 2024 by Span102

Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia

Anthela varia (Hairy Mary) at Mittagong, NSW - 22 Nov 2024 by Span102

Anthela varia

Burchardia umbellata (Milkmaids) at Mittagong, NSW - 20 Nov 2024 by Span102

Burchardia umbellata

Xanthorrhoea sp. at Mittagong, NSW - 18 Nov 2024 by Span102

Xanthorrhoea sp.

Senecio minimus at Mittagong, NSW - 16 Nov 2024 by Span102

Senecio minimus

Tricoryne elatior (Yellow Rush Lily) at Mittagong, NSW - 14 Nov 2024 by Span102

Tricoryne elatior

Thysanotus tuberosus at Mittagong, NSW - 14 Nov 2024 by Span102

Thysanotus tuberosus

Chelodina longicollis at Mittagong, NSW - 13 Nov 2024 by Span102

Chelodina longicollis

Amphibolurus muricatus at Canyonleigh, NSW - 13 Nov 2024 by Span102

Amphibolurus muricatus

Danaus plexippus (Monarch) at Canyonleigh, NSW - 12 Nov 2024 by Span102

Danaus plexippus

Philemon corniculatus (Noisy Friarbird) at Canyonleigh, NSW - 12 Nov 2024 by Span102

Philemon corniculatus

Jacksonia scoparia (Dogwood) at Canyonleigh, NSW - 12 Nov 2024 by Span102

Jacksonia scoparia

Charadrius melanops (Black-fronted Dotterel) at Colo Vale, NSW - 29 Oct 2024 by Span102

Charadrius melanops

Spatula rhynchotis (Australasian Shoveler) at Colo Vale, NSW - 29 Oct 2024 by Span102

Spatula rhynchotis

Poliocephalus poliocephalus (Hoary-headed Grebe) at Colo Vale, NSW - 29 Oct 2024 by Span102

Poliocephalus poliocephalus

Artamus cyanopterus (Dusky Woodswallow) at Colo Vale, NSW - 29 Oct 2024 by Span102

Artamus cyanopterus

Cincloramphus mathewsi (Rufous Songlark) at Woodlands, NSW - 28 Oct 2024 by Span102

Cincloramphus mathewsi

Platalea flavipes (Yellow-billed Spoonbill) at Mittagong, NSW - 28 Oct 2024 by Span102

Platalea flavipes

Orthetrum caledonicum (Blue Skimmer) at Mittagong, NSW - 28 Oct 2024 by Span102

Orthetrum caledonicum

Thelymitra pauciflora at Mittagong, NSW - 28 Oct 2024 by Span102

Thelymitra pauciflora

Calochilus platychilus at Mittagong, NSW - 26 Oct 2024 by Span102

Calochilus platychilus

Calochilus platychilus at Mittagong, NSW - 26 Oct 2024 by Span102

Calochilus platychilus

Metura elongatus (Saunders' case moth) at Mittagong, NSW - 20 Oct 2024 by Span102

Metura elongatus

Calochilus paludosus at Mittagong, NSW - 20 Oct 2024 by Span102

Calochilus paludosus

Delena cancerides (Social huntsman spider) at Mittagong, NSW - 17 Oct 2024 by Span102

Delena cancerides

Eutrichopidia latinus (Yellow-banded Day-moth) at Mittagong, NSW - 17 Oct 2024 by Span102

Eutrichopidia latinus

Anhinga novaehollandiae (Australasian Darter) at Burradoo, NSW - 14 Oct 2024 by Span102

Anhinga novaehollandiae

Pelecanus conspicillatus (Australian Pelican) at Moss Vale, NSW - 14 Oct 2024 by Span102

Pelecanus conspicillatus

Dampiera purpurea (Purple Dampiera) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Oct 2024 by Span102

Dampiera purpurea

Amperea xiphoclada (Broom Spurge) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Oct 2024 by Span102

Amperea xiphoclada

Dampiera stricta (Blue Dampiera) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Oct 2024 by Span102

Dampiera stricta

Myiagra rubecula (Leaden Flycatcher) at Mittagong, NSW - 7 Oct 2024 by Span102

Myiagra rubecula

Calochilus platychilus at Mittagong, NSW - 3 Oct 2024 by Span102

Calochilus platychilus

Daviesia corymbosa at Mittagong, NSW - 3 Oct 2024 by Span102

Daviesia corymbosa

Eriostemon australasius at Wattle Ridge, NSW - 29 Sep 2024 by Span102

Eriostemon australasius

Unidentified Other Shrub at Mittagong, NSW - 29 Sep 2024 by Span102

Unidentified Other Shrub

Unidentified Other Shrub at Alpine, NSW - 29 Sep 2024 by Span102

Unidentified Other Shrub

Grevillea speciosa at Wattle Ridge, NSW - 29 Sep 2024 by Span102

Grevillea speciosa

Poranthera corymbosa (Clustered Poranthera) at Wattle Ridge, NSW - 28 Sep 2024 by Span102

Poranthera corymbosa

Gompholobium grandiflorum at Wattle Ridge, NSW - 28 Sep 2024 by Span102

Gompholobium grandiflorum

Tetratheca ciliata at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Sep 2024 by Span102

Tetratheca ciliata

Brachyloma daphnoides (Daphne Heath) at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Sep 2024 by Span102

Brachyloma daphnoides

Diuris chryseopsis at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Sep 2024 by Span102

Diuris chryseopsis

Viola betonicifolia (Mountain Violet) at Alpine, NSW - 27 Sep 2024 by Span102

Viola betonicifolia

Turnix varius (Painted Buttonquail) at Mittagong, NSW - 25 Sep 2024 by Span102

Turnix varius

Comesperma ericinum (Heath Milkwort) at Mittagong, NSW - 21 Sep 2024 by Span102

Comesperma ericinum

Todiramphus pyrrhopygius (Red-backed Kingfisher) at Burradoo, NSW - 15 Sep 2024 by Span102

Todiramphus pyrrhopygius

Pelecanus conspicillatus (Australian Pelican) at Burradoo, NSW - 15 Sep 2024 by Span102

Pelecanus conspicillatus

Callocephalon fimbriatum (Gang-gang Cockatoo) at High Range, NSW - 15 Sep 2024 by Span102

Callocephalon fimbriatum

Boronia ledifolia (Ledum Boronia) at High Range, NSW - 15 Sep 2024 by Span102

Boronia ledifolia

Acanthiza reguloides (Buff-rumped Thornbill) at High Range, NSW - 14 Sep 2024 by Span102

Acanthiza reguloides

Acanthiza lineata (Striated Thornbill) at High Range, NSW - 14 Sep 2024 by Span102

Acanthiza lineata

Acanthiza pusilla (Brown Thornbill) at Berrima, NSW - 11 Sep 2024 by Span102

Acanthiza pusilla

Gonipterus lepidotus at Mittagong, NSW - 2 Sep 2024 by Span102

Gonipterus lepidotus

Unidentified Plant at Mittagong, NSW - 1 Sep 2024 by Span102

Unidentified Plant

Climacteris erythrops (Red-browed Treecreeper) at Bowral, NSW - 30 Aug 2024 by Span102

Climacteris erythrops

Stylidium laricifolium (Giant Triggerplant, Tree Triggerplant) at Mittagong, NSW - 29 Aug 2024 by Span102

Stylidium laricifolium

Vanessa itea (Yellow Admiral) at Mittagong, NSW - 29 Aug 2024 by Span102

Vanessa itea

Vanessa kershawi (Australian Painted Lady) at Mittagong, NSW - 29 Aug 2024 by Span102

Vanessa kershawi

Pomaderris sp. at Woodlands, NSW - 29 Aug 2024 by Span102

Pomaderris sp.

Agrotis munda (Brown Cutworm) at Mittagong, NSW - 28 Aug 2024 by Span102

Agrotis munda

Olearia microphylla (Olearia) at Aylmerton, NSW - 27 Aug 2024 by Span102

Olearia microphylla

Hakea salicifolia (Willow-leaved Hakea) at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Aug 2024 by Span102

Hakea salicifolia

Bubulcus coromandus (Eastern Cattle Egret) at Mittagong, NSW - 24 Aug 2024 by Span102

Bubulcus coromandus

Unidentified Lily or Iris at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102

Unidentified Lily or Iris

Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102

Cacomantis flabelliformis

Nesoptilotis leucotis (White-eared Honeyeater) at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102

Nesoptilotis leucotis

Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102

Petroica boodang

Hibbertia obtusifolia (Grey Guinea-flower) at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102

Hibbertia obtusifolia

Acacia longifolia (Sydney Golden Wattle) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Aug 2024 by Span102

Acacia longifolia

Hakea sericea (Needlebush) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Aug 2024 by Span102

Hakea sericea

Egretta novaehollandiae (White-faced Heron) at Burradoo, NSW - 7 Jul 2024 by Span102

Egretta novaehollandiae

Ardea alba (Great Egret) at Burradoo, NSW - 7 Jul 2024 by Span102

Ardea alba

Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Nattai National Park - 3 Jul 2024 by Span102

Petroica boodang

Polyrhachis ammon (Golden-spined Ant, Golden Ant) at Wollondilly Local Government Area - 3 Jul 2024 by Span102

Polyrhachis ammon

Pycnoptilus floccosus (Pilotbird) at Wattle Ridge - 1 Jun 2024 by Span102

Pycnoptilus floccosus

Oxycanus (genus) (Unidentified Oxycanus moths) at Mittagong, NSW - 31 May 2024 by Span102

Oxycanus (genus)

Oxycanus (genus) (Unidentified Oxycanus moths) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 31 May 2024 by Span102

Oxycanus (genus)

Clubiona sp. (genus) at Mittagong, NSW - 31 May 2024 by Span102

Clubiona sp. (genus)

Papilio aegeus (Orchard Swallowtail, Large Citrus Butterfly) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 31 May 2024 by Span102

Papilio aegeus

Lichenostomus melanops (Yellow-tufted Honeyeater) at Wollondilly Local Government Area - 22 May 2024 by Span102

Lichenostomus melanops

Anthochaera chrysoptera (Little Wattlebird) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 15 May 2024 by Span102

Anthochaera chrysoptera

Platycercus eximius (Eastern Rosella) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 14 May 2024 by Span102

Platycercus eximius

Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Hill Top - 14 May 2024 by Span102

Phaps chalcoptera

Melithreptus lunatus (White-naped Honeyeater) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 17 Apr 2024 by Span102

Melithreptus lunatus

Anas platyrhynchos x superciliosa (Pacific Black Duck X Mallard (Hybrid)) at Mittagong - 15 Apr 2024 by Span102

Anas platyrhynchos x superciliosa

Litoria sp. (genus) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 13 Mar 2024 by Span102

Litoria sp. (genus)

Sticherus flabellatus (Shiny Fan-fern, Umbrella Fern) at Meryla State Forest - 10 Mar 2024 by Span102

Sticherus flabellatus

Trichoglossus moluccanus (Rainbow Lorikeet) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 6 Mar 2024 by Span102

Trichoglossus moluccanus

Charaxes sempronius (Tailed Emperor) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 2 Mar 2024 by Span102

Charaxes sempronius

Abantiades atripalpis (Bardee grub/moth, Rain Moth) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 25 Feb 2024 by Span102

Abantiades atripalpis

Dicaeum hirundinaceum (Mistletoebird) at Upper Nepean - 21 Feb 2024 by Span102

Dicaeum hirundinaceum

Oriolus sagittatus (Olive-backed Oriole) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 19 Feb 2024 by Span102

Oriolus sagittatus

Eurymelinae (subfamily) (Unidentified eurymeline leafhopper) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 27 Jan 2024 by Span102

Eurymelinae (subfamily)

Cyclochila australasiae (Greengrocer, Yellow Monday, Masked devil) at Mittagong, NSW - 1 Dec 2024 by Span102
Anoplognathus brunnipennis (Green-tailed Christmas beetle) at Mittagong, NSW - 1 Dec 2024 by Span102
Belenois java at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Nov 2024 by Span102
Anoplognathus brunnipennis (Green-tailed Christmas beetle) at Mittagong, NSW - 26 Nov 2024 by Span102
Helichrysum leucopsideum at Mittagong, NSW - 25 Nov 2024 by Span102
Dipodium roseum at Mittagong, NSW - 24 Nov 2024 by Span102
Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia at Mittagong, NSW - 22 Nov 2024 by Span102
Anthela varia (Hairy Mary) at Mittagong, NSW - 22 Nov 2024 by Span102
Burchardia umbellata (Milkmaids) at Mittagong, NSW - 20 Nov 2024 by Span102
Xanthorrhoea sp. at Mittagong, NSW - 18 Nov 2024 by Span102
Senecio minimus at Mittagong, NSW - 16 Nov 2024 by Span102
Tricoryne elatior (Yellow Rush Lily) at Mittagong, NSW - 14 Nov 2024 by Span102
Thysanotus tuberosus at Mittagong, NSW - 14 Nov 2024 by Span102
Chelodina longicollis at Mittagong, NSW - 13 Nov 2024 by Span102
Amphibolurus muricatus at Canyonleigh, NSW - 13 Nov 2024 by Span102
Danaus plexippus (Monarch) at Canyonleigh, NSW - 12 Nov 2024 by Span102
Philemon corniculatus (Noisy Friarbird) at Canyonleigh, NSW - 12 Nov 2024 by Span102
Jacksonia scoparia (Dogwood) at Canyonleigh, NSW - 12 Nov 2024 by Span102
Charadrius melanops (Black-fronted Dotterel) at Colo Vale, NSW - 29 Oct 2024 by Span102
Spatula rhynchotis (Australasian Shoveler) at Colo Vale, NSW - 29 Oct 2024 by Span102
Poliocephalus poliocephalus (Hoary-headed Grebe) at Colo Vale, NSW - 29 Oct 2024 by Span102
Artamus cyanopterus (Dusky Woodswallow) at Colo Vale, NSW - 29 Oct 2024 by Span102
Cincloramphus mathewsi (Rufous Songlark) at Woodlands, NSW - 28 Oct 2024 by Span102
Platalea flavipes (Yellow-billed Spoonbill) at Mittagong, NSW - 28 Oct 2024 by Span102
Orthetrum caledonicum (Blue Skimmer) at Mittagong, NSW - 28 Oct 2024 by Span102
Thelymitra pauciflora at Mittagong, NSW - 28 Oct 2024 by Span102
Calochilus platychilus at Mittagong, NSW - 26 Oct 2024 by Span102
Calochilus platychilus at Mittagong, NSW - 26 Oct 2024 by Span102
Metura elongatus (Saunders' case moth) at Mittagong, NSW - 20 Oct 2024 by Span102
Calochilus paludosus at Mittagong, NSW - 20 Oct 2024 by Span102
Delena cancerides (Social huntsman spider) at Mittagong, NSW - 17 Oct 2024 by Span102
Eutrichopidia latinus (Yellow-banded Day-moth) at Mittagong, NSW - 17 Oct 2024 by Span102
Anhinga novaehollandiae (Australasian Darter) at Burradoo, NSW - 14 Oct 2024 by Span102
Pelecanus conspicillatus (Australian Pelican) at Moss Vale, NSW - 14 Oct 2024 by Span102
Dampiera purpurea (Purple Dampiera) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Oct 2024 by Span102
Amperea xiphoclada (Broom Spurge) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Oct 2024 by Span102
Dampiera stricta (Blue Dampiera) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Oct 2024 by Span102
Myiagra rubecula (Leaden Flycatcher) at Mittagong, NSW - 7 Oct 2024 by Span102
Calochilus platychilus at Mittagong, NSW - 3 Oct 2024 by Span102
Daviesia corymbosa at Mittagong, NSW - 3 Oct 2024 by Span102
Eriostemon australasius at Wattle Ridge, NSW - 29 Sep 2024 by Span102
Unidentified Other Shrub at Mittagong, NSW - 29 Sep 2024 by Span102
Unidentified Other Shrub at Alpine, NSW - 29 Sep 2024 by Span102
Grevillea speciosa at Wattle Ridge, NSW - 29 Sep 2024 by Span102
Poranthera corymbosa (Clustered Poranthera) at Wattle Ridge, NSW - 28 Sep 2024 by Span102
Gompholobium grandiflorum at Wattle Ridge, NSW - 28 Sep 2024 by Span102
Tetratheca ciliata at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Sep 2024 by Span102
Brachyloma daphnoides (Daphne Heath) at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Sep 2024 by Span102
Diuris chryseopsis at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Sep 2024 by Span102
Viola betonicifolia (Mountain Violet) at Alpine, NSW - 27 Sep 2024 by Span102
Turnix varius (Painted Buttonquail) at Mittagong, NSW - 25 Sep 2024 by Span102
Comesperma ericinum (Heath Milkwort) at Mittagong, NSW - 21 Sep 2024 by Span102
Todiramphus pyrrhopygius (Red-backed Kingfisher) at Burradoo, NSW - 15 Sep 2024 by Span102
Pelecanus conspicillatus (Australian Pelican) at Burradoo, NSW - 15 Sep 2024 by Span102
Callocephalon fimbriatum (Gang-gang Cockatoo) at High Range, NSW - 15 Sep 2024 by Span102
Boronia ledifolia (Ledum Boronia) at High Range, NSW - 15 Sep 2024 by Span102
Acanthiza reguloides (Buff-rumped Thornbill) at High Range, NSW - 14 Sep 2024 by Span102
Acanthiza lineata (Striated Thornbill) at High Range, NSW - 14 Sep 2024 by Span102
Acanthiza pusilla (Brown Thornbill) at Berrima, NSW - 11 Sep 2024 by Span102
Gonipterus lepidotus at Mittagong, NSW - 2 Sep 2024 by Span102
Unidentified Plant at Mittagong, NSW - 1 Sep 2024 by Span102
Climacteris erythrops (Red-browed Treecreeper) at Bowral, NSW - 30 Aug 2024 by Span102
Stylidium laricifolium (Giant Triggerplant, Tree Triggerplant) at Mittagong, NSW - 29 Aug 2024 by Span102
Vanessa itea (Yellow Admiral) at Mittagong, NSW - 29 Aug 2024 by Span102
Vanessa kershawi (Australian Painted Lady) at Mittagong, NSW - 29 Aug 2024 by Span102
Pomaderris sp. at Woodlands, NSW - 29 Aug 2024 by Span102
Agrotis munda (Brown Cutworm) at Mittagong, NSW - 28 Aug 2024 by Span102
Olearia microphylla (Olearia) at Aylmerton, NSW - 27 Aug 2024 by Span102
Hakea salicifolia (Willow-leaved Hakea) at Mittagong, NSW - 27 Aug 2024 by Span102
Bubulcus coromandus (Eastern Cattle Egret) at Mittagong, NSW - 24 Aug 2024 by Span102
Unidentified Lily or Iris at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102
Cacomantis flabelliformis (Fan-tailed Cuckoo) at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102
Nesoptilotis leucotis (White-eared Honeyeater) at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102
Hibbertia obtusifolia (Grey Guinea-flower) at High Range, NSW - 11 Aug 2024 by Span102
Acacia longifolia (Sydney Golden Wattle) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Aug 2024 by Span102
Hakea sericea (Needlebush) at Mittagong, NSW - 8 Aug 2024 by Span102
Egretta novaehollandiae (White-faced Heron) at Burradoo, NSW - 7 Jul 2024 by Span102
Ardea alba (Great Egret) at Burradoo, NSW - 7 Jul 2024 by Span102
Petroica boodang (Scarlet Robin) at Nattai National Park - 3 Jul 2024 by Span102
Polyrhachis ammon (Golden-spined Ant, Golden Ant) at Wollondilly Local Government Area - 3 Jul 2024 by Span102
Pycnoptilus floccosus (Pilotbird) at Wattle Ridge - 1 Jun 2024 by Span102
Oxycanus (genus) (Unidentified Oxycanus moths) at Mittagong, NSW - 31 May 2024 by Span102
Oxycanus (genus) (Unidentified Oxycanus moths) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 31 May 2024 by Span102
Clubiona sp. (genus) at Mittagong, NSW - 31 May 2024 by Span102
Papilio aegeus (Orchard Swallowtail, Large Citrus Butterfly) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 31 May 2024 by Span102
Lichenostomus melanops (Yellow-tufted Honeyeater) at Wollondilly Local Government Area - 22 May 2024 by Span102
Anthochaera chrysoptera (Little Wattlebird) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 15 May 2024 by Span102
Platycercus eximius (Eastern Rosella) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 14 May 2024 by Span102
Phaps chalcoptera (Common Bronzewing) at Hill Top - 14 May 2024 by Span102
Melithreptus lunatus (White-naped Honeyeater) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 17 Apr 2024 by Span102
Anas platyrhynchos x superciliosa (Pacific Black Duck X Mallard (Hybrid)) at Mittagong - 15 Apr 2024 by Span102
Litoria sp. (genus) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 13 Mar 2024 by Span102
Sticherus flabellatus (Shiny Fan-fern, Umbrella Fern) at Meryla State Forest - 10 Mar 2024 by Span102
Trichoglossus moluccanus (Rainbow Lorikeet) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 6 Mar 2024 by Span102
Charaxes sempronius (Tailed Emperor) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 2 Mar 2024 by Span102
Abantiades atripalpis (Bardee grub/moth, Rain Moth) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 25 Feb 2024 by Span102
Dicaeum hirundinaceum (Mistletoebird) at Upper Nepean - 21 Feb 2024 by Span102
Oriolus sagittatus (Olive-backed Oriole) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 19 Feb 2024 by Span102
Eurymelinae (subfamily) (Unidentified eurymeline leafhopper) at Wingecarribee Local Government Area - 27 Jan 2024 by Span102

1  2 

Span102

Follow Span102

Receive alerts of new sightings

Subscribe

Filter

Categories

1,890,055 sightings of 20,975 species in 9,252 locations from 12,827 contributors
CCA 3.0 | privacy
We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of this land and acknowledge their continuing connection to their culture. We pay our respects to their Elders past and present.